HIV Management Guide for Clinical Care and ARV Guidelines

HIV Management Guide for Clinical Care and ARV Guidelines

Opportunistic infections acquired in localised geographical regions of the world

Opportunistic infections acquired in localised geographical regions of the world

G. Khai Lin Huang1, Daniel P. O’Brien1,2 Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Infectious Diseases, Barwon Health, Geelong Last reviewed: November 2019 Introduction There are number of lesser-known opportunistic infections presenting in people with HIV infection that may be acquired in localised geographical regions of the world (Table 1). Disease caused by these infections may …

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Endemic fungal infections

The incidence of systemic fungal infections in people with HIV infection in high-income countries has decreased over time with improved testing for HIV infection, earlier diagnosis and the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (5). While systemic infections with Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jirovecii are well-recognised opportunistic infections in people with HIV infection, other endemic fungi …

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Endemic parasitic infections

Although not at first considered typical HIV-related opportunistic infections, endemic protozoan parasitic infection such as leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis and malaria have increasingly become recognised as important co-infections in people with HIV infection (32). Leishmaniasis  Leishmania spp. are protozoa that can cause a variety of clinical syndromes, including visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms of disease. Of particular …

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Other opportunistic infections

Buruli ulcer Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotising infection of skin and soft tissue caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans and is the third most common mycobacterial disease worldwide after tuberculosis and leprosy. It mainly affects children living in rural and remote regions of Africa but is endemic in 33 countries, including South and Central …

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References

Salit IE, Sano M, Boggild AK, Kain KC. Travel patterns and risk behaviour of HIV-positive people travelling internationally. CMAJ. 2005;172(7):884-8. Hochberg NS, Barnett ED, Chen LH, Wilson ME, Iyer H, MacLeod WB, et al., editors. International travel by persons with medical comorbidities: understanding risks and providing advice. Mayo clinic proceedings; 2013: Elsevier. Franco-Paredes C, Hidron …

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