More recently, it has been recognised that Asian-born men who have sex with men are over-represented in new HIV diagnoses in Australia (24-26). Gay male Asian students face many challenges and opportunities when they come to Australia – they may find that they experience a far greater level of freedom to explore their sexuality (having come from countries where there may be legal discrimination etc), while at the same time facing challenges with language, accommodation, health care access (26). 

It is important to note also, that overseas-born migrants living with HIV are more likely to be diagnosed late and with more advanced disease (27, 28) (see Section 2 Late presentation of new HIV diagnosis).