HIV Management Guide for Clinical Care and ARV Guidelines

HIV Management Guide for Clinical Care and ARV Guidelines

Late presentation of new HIV diagnosis

Late presentation of new HIV diagnosis

Elizabeth Crock: HIV Nurse Practitioner, Bolton Clarke HIV Program, Melbourne   Acknowledgement: Jayne Howard: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne (first edition) Summary  Introduction and definitions  The importance of early diagnosis and linkage to care  Barriers to testing and risk factors for late HIV diagnoses.  Nursing implications – severe disease  Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome  Introduction and definitions  …

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The importance of early diagnosis and linkage to care

Early HIV diagnosis and treatment offer benefits including reduced morbidity and mortality, avoidance of hospital admission, prevention of HIV transmission and better quality of life through appropriate treatment, care, and support (9).  Nurses working in a wide range of settings – sexual health, viral hepatitis and HIV, primary care, community health, custodial settings, the drug …

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Nursing implications of late diagnosis – severe disease, treatment and prevention of opportunistic illnesses

Where people have been diagnosed late with HIV infection, skilled nursing is essential to their ability to follow through with treatments and remain engaged with the health system. The OIs (also referred to as AIDS-defining illnesses or AIDS-indicator diseases) with which those diagnosed late and with advanced disease may present are now relatively rare, due …

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Late presenters and the risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Effective ART stimulates immune reconstitution, reducing the risk of opportunistic illnesses. However, some people commencing ART experience a phenomenon referred to as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) that can be life-threatening (24). IRIS affecting the central nervous system (CNS) has a high mortality.  Most people who develop IRIS will do so within 90 days of …

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References

O’Connor SJ, Manship S. Understanding factors behind the late testing and diagnoses of HIV: a review of the international literature. HIV Nursing. 2016; 16:97-103. King J, McManus H, Kwon A, Gray R, McGregor S. HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual surveillance report 2022. Sydney, Australia: The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney; 2022. …

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