Espinoza LR, Garcia-Valladares I. Of bugs and joints: the relationship between infection and joints. Reumatol Clin. 2013;9(4):229-38. Lin TY, Yang CJ, Liu CE, Tang HJ, Chen TC, Chen GJ, et al. Clinical features of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection in Taiwan: A multicenter study. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2018. Lawson E, Walker-Bone K. The changing …
Anthony Dart Alfred Hospital and Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne. Last reviewed: November 2019 Introduction The arrival of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has meant that there are many HIV-infected people living to advanced age. Therefore, diseases more associated with the middle and older years will achieve increasing importance as co-morbidities of HIV infection. In the …
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the setting of HIV infection recently acquired its own specific category in the Updated Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension (1). It consistently has been found in 0.5% of HIV-infected people, a figure unchanged by the widespread use of effective ART (2) and represents a rate about a thousand times greater than …
Early in the HIV epidemic, high rates (11%) of pericardial effusion were noted in patients with HIV infection (8). With the advent of ART, the condition became much less common and in one study of 802 patients (of whom 85% were taking ART), only two (0.25%) were found to have echocardiographic evidence of a pericardial …
Malignant conditions of the heart are rare but have been seen in HIV-infected patients, particularly in those with more advanced immunodeficiency. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma have both been reported to affect the heart. The impact of ART has been reported to be most profound on KS of the heart, reducing the prevalence from up …
HIV infection is not seen as a particular risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE), however it can occur and, in a similar way to the HIV-uninfected population, it is more frequently seen in those people who inject drugs. The advent of ART does not seem to have had a large impact on prevalence of IE …
In a large US study of more than 30,000 veterans, 2.6% developed atrial fibrillation (AF) over a median time of 6.8 years. This was significantly more common (and independent of other risk factors) in those with lower CD4+ T cell counts and higher HIV viral loads (17). As in all cases of AF, treatment is …
Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric …
Sam Milliken Department of Clinical Haematology and HIV Medicine Clinical Services Units, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW Last reviewed: October 2019 Introduction Despite significant reductions in all complications of HIV infection since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), haematological disorders remain common.1 Common problems are cytopenias, dysproteinaemia, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, and thromboembolic disease. The majority …
Haematological disorders in people with HIV infection Read More »
Anaemia is a common problem and increases in frequency with stage of HIV infection, ranging from 3% of asymptomatic patients to 12% of patients with CD4+ T cell counts of <200 cells/μL (or a CD4+ T cell percentage of <14% of lymphocytes) and 37% of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in one large surveillance study.3 Anaemia has been associated with reduced survival in …