Close collaboration among clinicians, health-care institutions and public health programs involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HIV infection and TB is necessary in order to integrate care and improve patient outcomes. A specialist or specialists with appropriate expertise should supervise the management of all patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Australia. Hospital admission …
Treatment of LTBI to prevent the development of active TB is called preventive treatment (PT; previously prophylaxis) and is often commenced irrespective of confirmed LTBI diagnosis and based on risk of LTBI. Preventive treatment can reduce the progression of LTBI to active TB in people with HIV infection by 32-62% and reduces the risk of …
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (preventive treatment) Read More »
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2018. Geneva: WHO; 2018. Available at: https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/ Majumdar SS, Marais BJ, Denholm JT, Britton WJ. Drug-resistant tuberculosis: collaborative regional leadership required. Med J Aust 2014;200:241–2. Toms C, Stapledon R, Douglas P, National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee, for the Communicable Diseases Network Australia, Australian Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory Network, (null), et al. …
Dani Lin1, Ian Woolley1,2, Jeffrey Post3 Monash Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC Prince of Wales Hospital and Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Last reviewed: October 2019 Introduction Respiratory complaints amongst people with HIV infection are common with a wide range of aetiologies, although the majority will be caused by common …
Respiratory tract infections in patients with HIV infection Read More »
The degree of immunodeficiency, as indicated by the blood CD4+ T cell count, provides a guide to the differential diagnosis of respiratory tract disease in HIV patients (Table 1). Table 1. Pathogens causing respiratory tract disease in patients with HIV infection at different CD4+ T cell counts CD4+ T cell count (cells/mL) Bacterial Fungal Viral …
General approach to the assessment of respiratory tract infections Read More »
Sinusitis is a common problem in people with HIV infection. In one retrospective review, 11% of hospitalised patients were affected by this disorder.18 Sinusitis is more common with immunodeficiency (CD4+ T cell count < 200/μL), and it is more likely to be extensive and chronic in very immunodeficient patients. Up to one-third of cases may be …
Bacterial pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV infection. It is predominantly caused by S. pneumoniae. People with HIV are at much higher risk of invasive pneumococcal infection than the general population, with the incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia 100 times that of age-matched populations, and pneumococcal pneumonia rates five …
Segal LN, Methe BA, Nolan A et al, HIV-1 and Bacterial Pneumonia in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy,Proc Am Thorac Soc 2011;8:282-287 Grubb JR, Moorman AC, Baker RK, et al. The changing spectrum of pulmonary disease in patients with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2006;20:1095-107 ↑ Stansell JD, Osmond DH, Charlebois E, et al. …
Nick Gazy1 and Anthony D Kelleher1,2 1. Dept of HIV and Immunology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2. Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney Introduction Primary HIV infection (PHI) usually refers to the critical six-month period following the acquisition of HIV. This period, immediately following initial infection, is associated with a highly dynamic series of virological and immunological …
The weeks following HIV infection are a highly dynamic period, with a series of virologic and immunologic events having occurred prior to the onset of clinical manifestations of PHI and the emergence of positive findings on diagnostic tests. An exceedingly high plasma HIV viral load and rapid loss of CD4+ T cells in all tissue …