Acute changes in cognition – delirium Sudden changes in cognitive function raise the possibility of a diagnosis of delirium. The cardinal signs of delirium are fluctuating conscious state, impaired concentration and disorientation in time or place. As the course of illness is variable there may be periods of lucidity. There may also be associated psychotic …
Substance abuse is a significant risk factor for the acquisition of HIV infection by direct means, such as sharing of injecting equipment, and indirect means such as risk behaviour associated with impaired judgment while intoxicated. Substance abuse is especially prevalent in people with HIV infection with reported rates ranging from 50-75%.[44] It is important to note …
There is a complex association between the diagnosis of HIV infection and psychotic disorders, each potentially adversely affecting the other. The nature of a psychotic illness is such that it may significantly impair a patient’s capacity to participate in treatment. The diagnosis of a chronic psychosis is complex with symptoms divided into disorders of thought, …
Clinicians require a good understanding of the role of psycho-active medications in the treatment of mental illness and also the high risk of potential drug-drug interactions and side effects in the population with HIV infection. Certain antiretroviral drugs, in particular protease inhibitors and NNRTIs, are metabolised primarily by the cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6 hepatic …
Principles of pharmacotherapy for mental illness in people with HIV infection Read More »
Bing EG, Burnam MA, Longshore D, et al. Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58:721-8 Kelly B, Raphael B, Judd F, et al. Psychiatric disorder in HIV infection. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1998; 32:441-53 Adewuya AO, Afolabi MO, Ola BA, et al. Psychiatric …
Victoria Hall1, Matthew Skinner2, Jennifer Hoy3,4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Introduction The average age of people with HIV infection in Australia has increased substantially since 1986, due predominantly to …
Early initiation of ART is still of utmost importance in older people with HIV infection and is probably of more significance, compared with younger people, due to the potential for poorer immune recovery on ART and a higher risk of serious non-AIDS events in older people with HIV infection. [28-30] This approach is supported by …
There is clear evidence that the burden of HIV-associated non-AIDS co-morbidities has been increasing steadily in people with HIV infection, with an increasing prevalence of CVD, CKD, osteoporosis, cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. [4, 38] Bone disease The primary objectives of bone health programmes in healthy adults are to prevent bone loss occurring prematurely …
Disease and disease-related disability from non-AIDS co-morbidities Read More »
Renal disease in ageing people with HIV infection, has important clinical implications, given the estimated prevalence of between 2.4% – 17%, and association with adverse long-term outcomes. [51-54] The expected physiological decline in renal function with ageing combined with increased comorbidities place older people with HIV infection at risk for polypharmacy and subsequent medication-related toxicity. …
There is no evidence to support cancer screening at an earlier age in people with HIV infection. At each clinic visit, the opportunity should be taken to address cancer risk factors by advising smoking cessation, alcohol reduction, obesity management and treatment for HCV infection. Age-appropriate general population screening guidelines should be followed for all people …
Developing a sustainable HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Workforce
Acknowledgement of Country
We pay our respects to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of the past, present, and future, including the Gadigal peoples (Sydney office), the Turrbal and Jagera/Yuggera peoples (Brisbane office), and all First Nations people of the nations where we live and work.
ASHM Health | ABN 48 264 545 457 | CFN 17788 | Copyright © 2024 ASHM