HIV infection is not seen as a particular risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE), however it can occur and, in a similar way to the HIV-uninfected population, it is more frequently seen in those people who inject drugs. The advent of ART does not seem to have had a large impact on prevalence of IE in this particular population (15). However, in a US nationwide study of IE, the prevalence of HIV infection amongst IE patients fell from 4.8% in 1998 to 1.5% in 2009 (16) for reasons that are not entirely clear.