People with HTLV infection need a comprehensive clinical examination and additional tests, depending on symptoms and disease manifestations, performed by their general practitioner with the support of a sexual health physician or infectious diseases physician (co-infections, partner and family testing) and neurologist, haematologist, respiratory physician, dermatologist, ophthalmologist or paediatrician. Pregnancy should be managed jointly with a sexual health physician or infectious diseases physician, obstetrician and paediatrician. Patients with asymptomatic HTLV infection are typically followed up once yearly. Symptomatic patients are followed up more frequently depending on the severity of their HTLV disease.