In addition to clinical care, nurses play a key role in providing psychosocial support and patient education to individuals living with HIV and understanding the complexities of comorbidities (13). The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing social determinants of health that have increased stress, anxiety, and stigma among vulnerable populations (14). Nurses must use empathic communication techniques to respond to patients’ emotional needs, promote emotional well-being, and mitigate the psychosocial impact of living with HIV amid a global health crisis (15). 

In addition, patient education is important so that people can make informed decisions about their health and reduce the risk of disease transmission (16). Nurses must provide accurate and culturally sensitive information about HIV prevention, treatment, and strategies to control the spread of Mpox and COVID-19 (17). This includes promoting vaccination against COVID-19 and other preventable diseases including Mpox, promoting routine HIV testing and screening for opportunistic infections, and debunking myths and misconceptions about infectious diseases (18, 19).  This will aid in preventing further marginalisation of an already vulnerable population, notably people living with HIV.