Ethics is at the heart of HIV nursing and midwifery, and both professions have been at the forefront of ethical practice since the start of the epidemic (50-52).  Nurses and midwives must be educationally prepared and capable of contributing to and making sound moral decisions based on evidence and careful ethical deliberation.  There is a continuing need for strong advocacy and ethical leadership in the HIV field, as well as research into ethical decision-making and skill development (53). 

Some key issues with ethical implications have been discussed here, including stigma and discrimination, HIV disclosure, informed consent, confidentiality, and quality of life.  The concepts and approaches discussed can apply to all ethical issues encountered within this challenging and inspiring specialty.  

Within the collaborative, client-centred framework of the HIV sector, the nursing and midwifery professions contribute to the best outcomes for people with HIV.  This is achieved through protecting and promoting human rights, individual and structural advocacy, and adhering to both professions’ firm foundation in ethics.