Host factors Severity of HIV disease after infection is variable. The majority of knowledge on the impact of host genetic variation on outcome of HIV-1 infection has been gained through studies of historical cohorts collected before the implementation of ART. An impact of host genetic variation on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection was identified early in …
Host and viral factors affecting disease progression Read More »
HIV superinfection occurs when a person with HIV infection becomes infected with another strain of HIV. [33,34] In contrast, HIV co-infection refers to the situation where two HIV strains are present at the time of initial infection. Dual HIV infection collectively refers to either HIV superinfection or co-infection. Dual infection is a prerequisite for genetic recombination events to …
Powers KA, Poole C, Pettifor AE, Cohen MS. Rethinking the heterosexual infectivity of HIV-1: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2008; 8:553-63. Kilmarx PH. Global epidemiology of HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2009; 4:240-6. Parrish NF, Gao F, Li H et al. Phenotypic properties of transmitted founder HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U …
Table of Contents Skye McGregor : Kirby Institute Last reviewed: March 2019 In Australia, the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is monitored through a range of public health surveillance systems including case reporting, behavioural and biological surveys, and clinical data collection. Case Reporting Case reporting involves reporting of newly diagnosed HIV infection by …
The first AIDS diagnosis in Australia was in 1982,[13] and following the introduction of HIV testing in 1985, cases of newly diagnosed HIV infection peaked at 2,773 in 1987 declining to their lowest level in 1999 (Figure 1).[14] Studies using the back-projection method have estimated that HIV incidence was highest in 1984 (2,890 cases) with a rapid …
HIV infection in Australia is characterised by a concentrated epidemic, defined as a prevalence of greater than 5% in subpopulations. The prevalence of HIV infection has remained low in the general population, and was estimated to be 0.1% in 2017.[1] This rate is comparable with New Zealand and the Philippines, but lower than other countries …
Men who have sex with men Australia’s epidemic has been characterised by transmission among men who have sex with men. Sexual transmission between men accounted for 68% of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Australia between 2013 and 2017, increasing to 82% of newly acquired infection.[63] The Gay Community Period Surveys found a self-reported HIV prevalence of …
While the prevalence of HIV infection in Australia remains very low amongst the general population, and the concentration of the epidemic among men who have sex with men shows promising signs of decreasing, similar trends have not been seen across other vulnerable populations, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and heterosexuals from migrant backgrounds. …
1. Guy RJ, McDonald AM, Bartlett MJ, et al. HIV diagnoses in Australia: Diverging epidemics within a low-prevalence country. Med J Aust 2007;187:437-40 2. The Kirby Institute. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia. Annual Surveillance Report 2014. Sydney: The Kirby Institute, UNSW; 2014 3. The Kirby Institute. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually …
Welcome to the Australian Commentary on the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Guidelines for the use of Antiretroviral Agents Pediatric HIV infection