Treatment of mpox is primarily supportive, with most cases resolving after three weeks. (76) Paraenteral nutrition and hydration may be required in patients unable to tolerate oral intake due to mucosal lesions. Antiviral treatments should be prescribed under the guidance of Infectious Diseases specialists, and may be required in severe cases or in patients with advanced immunodeficiency such as untreated HIV. In Australia, these may include anti-vaccinia immunoglobulins, tecovirimat (oral or intravenous) and cidofovir (intravenous or topical). (84) 

Vaccination against mpox using repurposed smallpox vaccines is recommended by Australian guidelines for men who have sex with men at high risk for mpox (including HIV infection) and immunocompromised peoples. Patients who are immunocompromised, such as advanced HIV, are suggested to receive the inactivated vaccine (JYNNEOS®) rather than the live-attenuated vaccine (ACAM200TM). (85) Two doses of the inactivated vaccine has shown to be safe and sufficiently immunogenic in people living with HIV, (86) and may reduce the incidence of severe mpox infection. (87)